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h1. Installing and Updating Drush

An important note: we no longer need to install any version of Drush except Drush 8, since that now supports "Drupal 6, 7, <8.3 _and_ Backdrop.":http://docs.drush.org/en/master/install/#drupal-compatibility

h2. Installing and updating Drush 8 for all users

These instructions follow the "Install a global Drush via Composer" instructions under in the "Drush 8 alternative installation documentation.":http://docs.drush.org/en/8.x/install-alternative/

If needed, follow "this Composer documentation":https://getcomposer.org/download/ to install or update Composer on the server.

Since running @composer install@ as root is a "security risk":https://getcomposer.org/doc/faqs/how-to-install-untrusted-packages-safely.md, you can use commands like these to install or update Drush in your home directory first, then move it to a globally-accessible location using @sudo@:

<pre>

cd ~

COMPOSER_HOME=$HOME/drush COMPOSER_VENDOR_DIR=$HOME/drush/8 composer require drush/drush:8.4.10

cd ~/drush/8/drush/drush

composer install

cd ~

sudo rm -rf /opt/drush; sudo mv ~/drush /opt/

sudo chown -R root: /opt/drush

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/drush; sudo ln -s /opt/drush/8/drush/drush/drush /usr/local/bin/drush

</pre>

Replace "8.4.10" (last updated in this documentation on 01/20/2022) with the tag of the most recent stable 8.x release (see https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/releases)

If you _must_ run @composer install@ and the other commands above as root, e.g. if that's the only user we have access to on the server, you can do so by changing the @COMPOSER_HOME@ path to @/opt/drush@ and @COMPOSER_VENDOR_DIR@ to @/opt/drush/8@ and adjusting the other commands above accordingly.

Use the same commands with a new version number to update Drush as needed; the commands above account for updates.

h2. Install and update Drush Backdrop commands

In order for Drush to work with Backdrop, you must install the "Drush Backdrop commands":https://github.com/backdrop-contrib/drush within the Drush 8 installation itself.

Assuming that Drush 8 is installed in @/opt/drush/8/drush/drush@, as specified above:

<pre>

sudo git clone https://github.com/backdrop-contrib/drush.git /opt/drush/8/drush/drush/commands/backdrop

</pre>

To update Drush Backdrop commands installed like this:

<pre>

cd /opt/drush/8/drush/drush/commands/backdrop

sudo git pull origin

</pre>

h2. Install Drush on May First Movement Technology and other shared hosting environments

Primarily drawn from "this MF ticket;":https://support.mayfirst.org/ticket/11691#comment:3 thanks Ivan!

First, install Composer following "these instructions":https://getcomposer.org/download/.

Then to install Drush:

<pre>

echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.composer/vendor/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

cd ~/<organization.org>/bin

composer global require drush/drush:8.4.10

which drush

</pre>

Note that sometimes @cgi-bin@ is present on MF/PL sites instead of @bin@.

If using Drush aliases, you may need to specify the new Drush installation in the shared @aliases.drushrc.php@ file or a local aliases file. Here's an example:

<pre>

$aliases['organization'] = array(

  'remote-host' => 'organization.org',

  'remote-user' => 'organization',

  'root' => '/home/members/organization/sites/organization.org/web',

  'uri' => 'organization.org',

  'path-aliases' => array(

    '%drush-script' => '/home/members/organization/sites/organization.org/users/organization/.composer/vendor/bin/drush',

    '%dump-dir' => '~/drush-backups',

    '%files' => '/home/members/organization/sites/organization.org/web/sites/default/files',),

);

</pre>