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Installing Drush for working with Drupal 6-8 and Backdrop » History » Version 38

Jack Aponte, 02/04/2019 06:22 PM
updated Drush 8 version

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h1. Installing Drush for working with Drupal 6-8 and Backdrop
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Palante has a few reasons to run different versions of Drush:
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* We're currently supporting or building Drupal 6, 7, 8 _and_ Backdrop sites.
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* We've fallen victim to the "weird gotcha where Drush destroys your git repo and other non-Drupal files":https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/issues/1581 that seems to happen more often with Drush 8 than other versions.
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* Some of our clients' servers don't support anything newer than Drush 6; if we run remote commands against those servers, like @drush sql-sync@, we need to use Drush 6 locally, too.
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Below is a solution that allows us to use Drush 6, 7 and 8 in the same environment.
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h2. Install Drush 6, 7 and 8 for all users
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I've followed the "To install for all users on the server" instructions under "Composer - One Drush for all Projects" in the "Drush 7 installation documentation":http://docs.drush.org/en/7.x/install/, adapted for different versions of Drush.
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TODO: Update the instructions below to indicate that running @composer install@ as root is a "security risk":https://getcomposer.org/doc/faqs/how-to-install-untrusted-packages-safely.md, give alternative approach.
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Some of our clients' servers aren't capable of running anything newer than Drush 6. If you need to run commands like @drush sql-sync@ against those servers from your local or dev environment, you'll need Drush 6 installed. Run the following commands as root or using @sudo@.
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<pre>
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git clone https://github.com/drush-ops/drush.git -b 6.6.0 /usr/local/src/drush6
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cd /usr/local/src/drush6
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composer install
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ln -s /usr/local/src/drush6/drush /usr/bin/drush6
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</pre>
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To install Drush 7, run the following commands as root or using @sudo@.
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<pre>
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git clone https://github.com/drush-ops/drush.git -b 7.4.0 /usr/local/src/drush7
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cd /usr/local/src/drush7
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composer install
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ln -s /usr/local/src/drush7/drush /usr/bin/drush7
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</pre>
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Replace "7.4.0" with the tag of the most recent stable 7.x release (see https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/releases).
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Then install Drush 8, again running these commands as root or using @sudo@.
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<pre>
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git clone https://github.com/drush-ops/drush.git -b 8.1.18 /usr/local/src/drush8
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cd /usr/local/src/drush8
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composer install
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ln -s /usr/local/src/drush8/drush /usr/bin/drush8
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</pre>
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Replace "8.1.18" (last updated in this documentation on 2/4/19) with the tag of the most recent stable 8.x release (see https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/releases)
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You can now use the @drush6@, @drush7@ or @drush8@ commands to run each specific version of Drush.
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h3. Updating Drush when installed this way
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To update a Drush installation installed in this manner, run the following commands within the @/usr/local/src/<drush-version>@ directory:
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<pre>
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git fetch
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git checkout tags/<new version> -b <new version>
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composer install
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</pre>
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Replace @<new version>@ with "the most recent stable release":https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/releases of the Drush version you're updating.
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h2. Install Drush on May First/People Link (MFPL) and other shared hosting environments
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Primarily drawn from "this MFPL ticket;":https://support.mayfirst.org/ticket/11691#comment:3 thanks Ivan!
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First, install Composer following "these instructions":https://getcomposer.org/download/.
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Then to install Drush:
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<pre>
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echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.composer/vendor/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
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source ~/.bashrc
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cd ~/<organization.org>/bin
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php composer.phar global require drush/drush:7.4.0
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which drush
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</pre>
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Note that sometimes @cgi-bin@ is present on MFPL sites instead of @bin@.
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If using Drush aliases, you may need to specify the new Drush installation in the shared @aliases.drushrc.php@ file or a local aliases file. Here's an example:
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<pre>
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$aliases['organization'] = array(
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  'remote-host' => 'organization.org',
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  'remote-user' => 'organization',
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  'root' => '/home/members/organization/sites/organization.org/web',
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  'uri' => 'organization.org',
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  'path-aliases' => array(
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    '%drush-script' => '/home/members/organization/sites/organization.org/users/organization/.composer/vendor/bin/drush',
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    '%dump-dir' => '~/drush-backups',
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    '%files' => '/home/members/organization/sites/organization.org/web/sites/default/files',),
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);
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</pre>
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h2. Install and update Drush Backdrop commands
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In order for Drush to work with Backdrop, you must install the "Drush Backdrop commands":https://github.com/backdrop-contrib/drush within the Drush 8 installation itself.
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Assuming that Drush 8 is installed in @/usr/local/src/drush8@, as specified above:
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<pre>
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git clone https://github.com/backdrop-contrib/drush.git /usr/local/src/drush8/commands/backdrop
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</pre>
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To update Drush Backdrop commands later, run @git pull origin@ from within the @drush8/commands/backdrop@ directory.
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h2. Create script to automatically switch Drush versions based on git configuration setting
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As per "this excellent guide from Marc van Gend of Triquanta":https://www.triquanta.nl/blog/automatically-switch-drush-versions-project, I've set up a script to let us switch between versions of Drush on a project-by-project basis using git configuration settings.
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The script, which lives at @/usr/bin/drush@ and is therefore called whenever someone runs the @drush@ command:
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<pre>
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#!/bin/bash
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version=$(git config --get drush.version)
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if [ "$version" = '8' ];
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then
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    drush8 "$@"
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elif [ "$version" = '6' ];
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  then
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  drush6 "$@"
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else
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    drush7 "$@"
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fi
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</pre>
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h2. Set drush.version git variable on a per-project basis
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In this configuration, Drush 7 is the default version of Drush. For the script above to automatically switch to a non-default version of Drush for a given project, set the @drush.version@ value in the git repo for the project by running @git config drush.version <version>@. For example:
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<pre>
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$ drush --version
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 Drush Version   :  7.2.0
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$ git config drush.version 8
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$ drush --version
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 Drush Version   :  8.0.5
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</pre>
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h2. Update Drush remote site aliases to use correct Drush scripts
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If you've got Drush site aliases set up for remote sites on servers where multiple versions of Drush are available, update your @aliases.drushrc.php@ file to include the specific drush script that should be used on the remote site. See the "example.aliases.drushrc.php":https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/blob/master/examples/example.aliases.drushrc.php file if you need help creating your @aliases.drushrc.php@ file or learning about <code>%drush-script</code>.
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An example @aliases.drushrc.php@ file with <code>%drush-script</code> specified:
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<pre>
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$aliases['drupal8'] = array(
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  'remote-host' => 'fake-dev-server.palantetech.coop',
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  'remote-user' => 'jack',
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  'root' => '/var/www/dev/drupal8',
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  'uri' => 'drupal8.palantetech.coop',
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  'path-aliases' => array(
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    '%drush-script' => '/usr/bin/drush8',
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  )
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);
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$aliases['drupal7'] = array(
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  'remote-host' => 'fake-dev-server.palantetech.coop',
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  'remote-user' => 'jack',
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  'root' => '/var/www/dev/drupal7',
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  'uri' => 'drupal7.palantetech.coop',
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  'path-aliases' => array(
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    '%drush-script' => '/usr/bin/drush7',
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  )
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);
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</pre>
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h2. Additional resources
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* https://www.triquanta.nl/blog/automatically-switch-drush-versions-project
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* https://www.lullabot.com/articles/switching-drush-versions
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